Fall is most certainly a magical time of year in the northeast. But have you wondered why we have white ash has purple leaves, sugar maple has orange leaves, and witch hazel has yellow leaves? And what conditions make for a peak foliage year? This guide details why leaves change color, how they change color, and the adaptive reasons behind the different colors. It is the perfect companion for leaf peepers of all skill levels.

And if you’re looking for more detailed information on how to identify a tree by its leaves, then check out our waterproof, tearproof field guide to Vermont’s trees.

Page 1 of the fall colors field guide
Page 2 of the fall colors field guide

The natural History of Fall Colors

Learn the ecological signfiicance behind the different colors of fall foliage. This is part of a larger series on how the color of bark may be an adaptation for different ecological conditions. You can find the whole series here. For more natural history delivered right to your inbox, sign up for our (mostly) weekly newsletter.